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第1课时 糖类 蛋白质第七章 第四节 基本营养物质1.了解糖类、蛋白质的组成和主要用途,培养“科学态度与社会责任”。2.认识葡萄糖及氨基酸的分子结构,掌握葡萄糖、蔗糖、淀粉的特征性质,增强“变化观念与平衡思想”。3.能够设计实验确认淀粉水解产物及水解程度,培养“科学探究与创新意识”。核心素养发展目标二、蛋白质内容索引NEIRONGSUOYIN一、糖类糖类TANGLEI01PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程质www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/(一)基本营养物质知识梳理糖类蛋白质油脂PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程质www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/(二)糖类1.组成糖类是由、、三种元素组成,可用通式表示,也称为。2.分类依据:是否水解及水解产物的不同进行分类碳氢氧Cn(H2O)m碳水化合物类别单糖二糖多糖特点不能再水解成更简单的糖一分子二糖能水解成单糖一分子多糖能水解成单糖两分子多分子PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程质www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/代表物、_____、、乳糖、_______代表物分子式_____________________________葡萄糖果糖蔗糖麦芽糖淀粉纤维素C6H12O6C12H22O11(C6H10O5)nPPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程质www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/3.葡萄糖(1)结构:分子式:;结构简式:或CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO。葡萄糖和果糖分子式相同而结构不同,互为。(2)物理性质:葡萄糖是一种的晶体,溶于水。C6H12O6CH2OH—CHOH—CHOH—CHOH—CHOH—CHO同分异构体有甜味无色能PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程质www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/操作 实验现象最终有砖红色沉淀生成实验结论葡萄糖具有还原性,能被新制Cu(OH)2悬浊液氧化为砖红色沉淀Cu2O(3)主要化学性质①和新制Cu(OH)2悬浊液反应PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程质www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/操作 现象向AgNO3溶液加入稀氨水,沉淀消失后再滴加1mL10%葡萄糖,水浴加热,生成银白色光亮的银镜实验结论葡萄糖可以将银氨溶液中的银元素还原为单质银②和银氨溶液反应③在酶作用下生成乙醇方程式:C6H12O6葡萄糖――→酶2CH3CH2OH+2CO2↑方程式:C6H12O6葡萄糖――→酶2CH3CH2OH+2CO2↑PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程质www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/4.蔗糖的组成和性质蔗糖和麦芽糖分子式都为,两者互为。5.淀粉和纤维素(1)组成:二者通式为,属于天然高分子化合物。(2)主要化学性质a.特征反应:淀粉遇单质碘。C12H22O11同分异构体蔗糖水解方程式:C12H22O11蔗糖+H2O――――→催化剂C6H12O6葡萄糖+C6H12O6果糖(C6H10O5)n变蓝蔗糖水解方程式:C12H22O11蔗糖+H2O――――→催化剂C6H12O6葡萄糖+C6H12O6果糖PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程质www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/实验操作 实验现象最终有生成实验结论淀粉水解生成的,与新制的Cu(OH)2共热生成_______________淀粉水解的化学反应方程式b.淀粉水解反应砖红色沉淀(C6H10O5n淀粉+nH2O――――→催化剂nC6H12O6葡萄糖葡萄糖氧化亚铜(Cu2O)(C6H10O5n淀粉+nH2O――――→催化剂nC6H12O6葡萄糖PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程质www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/(1)淀粉为人体提供能量,具体变化过程可表示为淀粉[________________]――→酶糊精[(C6H10O5)m,m<n]――→酶麦芽糖()――→酶葡萄糖()――――――→缓慢氧化。6.糖类的主要用途(C6H10O5)nC12H22O11C6H12O6C6H12O6+6O2――→酶6CO2+6H2O(2)人体内,纤维素能刺激肠道蠕动,促进和。(3)以富含的农作物为原料酿酒,以富含的植物秸秆为原料生产燃料乙醇。消化排泄淀粉纤维素(1)淀粉为人体提供能量,具体变化过程可表示为淀粉[________________]――→酶糊精[(C6H10O5)m,m<n]――→酶麦芽糖()――→酶葡萄糖()――――――→缓慢氧化。C6H12O6+6O2――→酶6CO2+6H2OPPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程质www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/(1)糖类都是有甜味的物质( )(2)糖类的分子构成可写为Cn(H2O)m,只要符合Cn(H2O)m的有机物就属于糖类( )(3)葡萄糖、果糖互为同分异构体,淀粉和纤维素也互为同分异构体( )××判断正误提示 多糖,像纤维素等就没有甜味。提示 符合通式Cn(H2O)m的有机物并不都属于糖类,如乙酸C2H4O2就满足通式,但乙酸为羧酸类。×提示 淀粉和纤维素的通式都为(C6H10O5)n,但n取值不同,且单元结构也不同,故两者不是同分异构体。PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程质www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/(4)糖类在人体内都能被消化和吸收( )(5)可以用碘水检验淀粉的存在( )×提示 人体内没有消化纤维素的酶,纤维素不能被消化和吸收。提示 碘遇淀粉变蓝,可以检验。√PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程质www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/某同学为了检验淀粉的水解情况,设计了如下三种实验方案:理解应用方案甲:淀粉溶液―――――――→H2SO4溶液水解液―――→碘水溶液变蓝。结论:淀粉未水解。方案乙:淀粉溶液―――――――→H2SO4溶液水解液――――――――→银氨溶液△无银镜生成。结论:淀粉未水解。方案丙:淀粉溶液―――――――→H2SO4溶液水解液―――――――→NaOH溶液中和液――――――――→新制CuOH2△砖红色沉淀。结论:淀粉已完全水解。方案甲:淀粉溶液―――――――→H2SO4溶液水解液―――→碘水溶液变蓝。结论:淀粉未水解。方案乙:淀粉溶液―――――――→H2SO4溶液水解液――――――――→银氨溶液△无银镜生成。结论:淀粉未水解。方案丙:淀粉溶液―――――――→H2SO4溶液水解液―――――――→NaOH溶液中和液――――――――→新制CuOH2△砖红色沉淀。PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程质www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/答案 方案甲,加入碘水溶液变蓝,只能说明溶液还存在淀粉,不能证明淀粉未水解还是部分水解。方案乙,淀粉溶液中加入稀H2SO4,溶液呈酸性,加入银氨溶液,无银镜,因为酸性环境下,银氨溶液被破坏,无法发生银镜反应,因此无法判断淀粉是否发生水解。方案丙,加NaOH溶液中和了H2SO4后,再加新制Cu(OH)2溶液,加热出现砖红色沉淀,只能说明淀粉发生水解,无法证明淀粉完全水解。综上所述,三种方案都不正确。根据以上操作、现象判断结论是否正确,不正确的请说明原因。PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程质www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/归纳总结淀粉水解程度的判断检验实验现象及结论情况现象A现象B结论①溶液呈蓝色未产生银镜未水解②溶液呈蓝色出现银镜部分水解③溶液不变蓝色出现银镜完全水解1.糖类是生命的基础能源,下列关于糖类的说法中,正确的是A.糖类都可以水解B.糖类是具有甜味的物质C.糖类都含有C、H、O元素D.糖类都符合Cn(H2O)m的通式解析 单糖不能水解,多糖如纤维素等无甜味,并不是所有的糖都符合Cn(H2O)m的通式,如鼠李糖分子式为C6H12O5,故正确选择为C项。√跟踪强化12342.下列有关糖类的叙述正确的是A.含1mol葡萄糖的水溶液与足量金属钠反应,最多生成2.5molH2B.酿酒过程是淀粉先水解成葡萄糖,葡萄糖再分解成乙醇和二氧化碳C.淀粉在人体内直接水解生成葡萄糖,供人体组织的营养需要D.蔗糖是最重要的二糖,它的相对分子质量是葡萄糖的两倍√1234解析 虽然1mol葡萄糖含5mol的羟基,和钠反应可以生成2.5molH2,但溶液中有水,也可以和水反应生成H2,故生成H2大于2.5mol,A项错误;在人体内,淀粉在酶的作用下,经过一系列过程,最后生成葡萄糖,故C错误;蔗糖分子式为C12H22O11,可水解生成2分子葡萄糖(C6H12O6),故相对分子质量不是两倍关系,故D错误。123酿酒过程为淀粉+水――→酶葡萄糖――――→酒曲酶乙醇和CO2,故B项正确;4酿酒过程为淀粉+水――→酶葡萄糖――――→酒曲酶乙醇和CO2,故B项正确;3.能证明淀粉已经完全水解的试剂是A.碘化钾溶液B.银氨溶液C.碘水D.酚酞溶液123√解析 淀粉溶液水解后溶液加入碘水,不变蓝色,则证明淀粉已完全水解。44.能够用来检验某糖尿病人的尿液中是否含葡萄糖的试剂是A.氨水B.金属钠C.新制Cu(OH)2悬浊液D.硝酸银溶液123√解析 加入新制Cu(OH)2悬浊液加热,如产生砖红色沉淀,则病人尿液中含有葡萄糖,故选C。返回402蛋白质DANBAIZHIPPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程质www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/(一)蛋白质的存在和组成1.存在:蛋白质是构成的基本物质,存在于各类生物体内。2.组成:由等元素组成,是一类非常复杂的___________。(二)蛋白质性质1.蛋白质的水解反应知识梳理细胞碳、氢、氧、氮、硫(1)蛋白质―――――――――――――→酸、碱或酶等催化剂水解反应多肽――――――→水解反应氨基酸(最终产物)天然有机高分子(1)蛋白质―――――――――――――→酸、碱或酶等催化剂水解反应多肽――――――→水解反应氨基酸(最终产物)PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程质www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/(2)几种常见的氨基酸①甘氨酸_____________②苯丙氨酸:官能团:,_____________氨基—NH2羧基—COOHPPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程质www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/2.蛋白质的变性(1)向鸡蛋清溶液中加入几滴醋酸铅溶液。现象:。(2)变性:蛋白质在一些化学试剂或一些物理因素作用下,失去生理活性,溶解度下降而析出的过程。(3)变性条件:①某些化学试剂如、、、、甲醛等。②一些物理因素:如加热、紫外线等。生成白色沉淀重金属的盐类强酸强碱乙醇PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程质www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/有的气味发生反应,现象:________显色呈黄色烧焦羽毛3.蛋白质的特征反应蛋白质浓硝酸燃烧(三)蛋白质在生产、生活中的作用1.蛋白质存在于一切细胞中,是人类必需的营养物质。2.毛和蚕丝的成分都为蛋白质,可以制作服装。3.从动物皮、骨中提取的明胶可作食品,阿胶可作中药材等。4.绝大多数酶也是蛋白质,是重要的催化剂。增稠剂PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程质www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/(1)蛋白质都是高分子化合物( )(2)蛋白质在酶的作用下,可直接水解生成各种氨基酸( )(3)生物体内的酶都是蛋白质( )(4)向鸡蛋白溶液中加入醋酸铅溶液,生成白色沉淀,加水可重新溶解( )(5)可以通过灼烧的方法鉴别真蚕丝和人造丝( )提示 蛋白质水解先生成多肽,多肽进一步水解,最终生成氨基酸。√×判断正误提示 绝大多数是,但有些不是。×提示 加入重金属盐,蛋白质发生变性,加水也不会溶解。提示 真蚕丝灼烧有烧焦羽毛气味,而人造丝没有。×√PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程质www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/1.已知氨基(—NH2)呈碱性,羧基(—COOH)呈酸性,试分析甘氨酸()和苯丙氨酸()有什么共同性质?写出甘氨酸和盐酸及氢氧化钠反应方程式?深度思考提示 据甘氨酸和苯丙氨酸的结构,两者有共同的官能团氨基和羧基,据已知信息,两者既可以和酸反应,又可以和碱反应,故甘氨酸和盐酸及氢氧化钠反应的方程式为+HCl―→,+NaOH―→+H2O。PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程质www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/2.试分析为什么医院里可以用高温蒸煮,紫外线照射或涂抹医用酒精杀菌消毒,在生物实验中用甲醛溶液(福尔马林)保存标本,农业上用波尔多液(CuSO4和生石灰和水)防治农作物病害的原因?提示 细菌主要成分为蛋白质,在生产和生活中,可以用一些化学试剂或某些物理因素使蛋白质发生变性从而使细菌或病毒的蛋白质失去生理活性,从而起到杀灭细菌的目的。1.下面关于蛋白质的叙述不正确的是A.在豆浆中加入少量石膏,能使豆浆中的蛋白质凝结,从而制成豆腐B.蛋白质都是高分子化合物C.蛋白质在酶的作用下水解的最终产物是葡萄糖D.若误食重金属盐而引起中毒,可服用大量牛奶或豆浆进行解救123√跟踪强化解析 蛋白质在酶的作用下水解的最终产物为氨基酸。2.下列有关蛋白质的性质描述说法错误的是A.棉被和蚕丝被的主要材质均为高分子B.从牛奶中可以提取酪素,用来制作塑料C.消毒过程中细菌蛋白质发生了盐析D.在鸡蛋清溶液中分别加入饱和Na2SO4、CuSO4溶液,都会产生沉淀,但原理不同√123解析 棉被和蚕丝被的主要材质分别是纤维素、蛋白质,二者均为高分子,A正确;酪素由酪蛋白水解得到,故从牛奶中可以提取酪素,用来制作塑料,B正确;消毒过程是蛋白质发生了变性,C错误;鸡蛋白中加入饱和Na2SO4使蛋白质的溶解性降低而析出,加入CuSO4溶液,是蛋白质发生了变性而析出,原理不同,D正确。1233.应用所学知识回答下列问题:(1)下列物质对蛋白质的化学性质具有明显影响的是________(填字母,下同)。A.福尔马林溶液(HCHO溶液)B.蓝矾C.NaClD.高锰酸钾E.酒精F.生牛奶G.熟鸡蛋123ABDE解析 福尔马林(HCHO)溶液、蓝矾(CuSO4·5H2O)和高锰酸钾、酒精都能使蛋白质发生变性,故对蛋白质的化学性质有明显影响。(2)如果你发现有人误服重金属盐而出现了中毒病症,需要你马上对病人进行抢救,你认为上述物质中可以应用的是______。123F解析 如误服重金属盐而出现中毒症状,可以马上服用富含蛋白质的生鲜牛奶或豆浆对病人进行解毒。(3)当你选择物质对病人进行抢救以后,下一步的打算或做法是______。A.建议病人快去医院继续治疗B.将病人安置于通风处呼吸新鲜的空气C.建议病人卧床休息123A解析 中毒抢救后应去医院进行进一步治疗。返回